In 1954 the Supreme Court decided Brown v. Board of Education; ten years later, Congress enacted the Civil Rights Act. These monumental changes in American law dramatically expanded educational opportunities for racial and ethnic minority children across the country. They also changed the experiences of white children, who have learned in increasingly diverse classrooms. The authors of this commemorative volume include leading scholars in law, education, and public policy, as well as important historical figures. Taken together, the chapters trace the narrative arc of school desegregation in the United States, beginning in California in the 1940s, continuing through Brown v. Board, the Civil Rights Act, and three important Supreme Court decisions about school desegregation and voluntary integration in 1974, 1995, and 2007. The authors also assess the status of racial and ethnic equality in education today and consider the viability of future legal and policy reform in pursuit of the goals of Brown v. Board. This remarkable collection of voices in conversation with one another lays the groundwork for future discussions about the relationship between law and educational equality, and ultimately for the creation of new public policy. A valuable reference for scholars and students alike, this dynamic text is an important contribution to the literature by an outstanding group of authors.
ContentsAcknowledgmentsForeword by James E. RyanIntroduction by Kristi L. BowmanPart I. Mendez, Brown, and the Civil Rights ActMendez (1946)Standing on the Shoulders of Mendez v. Westminster - Frederick P. AguirreOur Children Are Americans: Mendez v. Westminster and Mexican American Rights - Philippa StrumPursuing Equity at the Intersection of School Desegregation, English-Language Instruction, and Immigration - Kristi L. BowmanBrown (1954)The Rest of the Story of Brown v. Board of Education - Cheryl Brown HendersonBrown v. Board of Education: An Axe in the Frozen Sea of Racism - Jack GreenbergIntegrating an All-White High School in the Segregated South: Memories, Challenges, and Lessons Learned - Patricia A. EdwardsBrown’s 60th Anniversary: A Story of Judicial Isolation - Wendy ParkerThe Civil Rights Act (1964)Massive Resistance before the Civil Rights Act: The Integration of Little Rock Central High School - John J. (Jack) FeeheleyEquity in Education: The Present and Future of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 - Allison R. BrownDefining Discrimination: Intent, Impact, and the Future of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 - Derek W. BlackPart II. Desegregation UnfoldsMilliken (1974)Milliken v. Bradley: A Judicial Betrayal of Brown - Nathaniel R. JonesSchool Desegregation in Metropolitan Detroit: Struggling for Justice in a Divided and Troubled Community - Joyce A. BaughMilliken and the Prospects for Racial Diversity in U.S. Public Schools - Charles T. ClotfelterJenkins (1995)Missouri v. Jenkins: A Remedy without Objective Limitation - John R. MunichMissed Opportunities, Enduring Legacies: School Segregationand Desegregation in Kansas City, Missouri - Kevin Fox GothamThe Legal Legacy of Missouri v. Jenkins - Kristi L. BowmanParents Involved and Meredith (2007)Meredith v. Jefferson County Board of Education: A Community Committed to Diverse Schools - Byron E. LeetMaking Schools More Separate and Unequal: Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1 - Erwin ChemerinskyContesting White Accumulation in Seattle: Toward a Materialist Antiracist Analysis of School Desegregation - Michael J. DumasPart III. Looking to the FutureAfter Unitary Status: Examining Voluntary Integration Strategies for Southern School Districts - Danielle R. Holley-WalkerVoluntary Integration and School Board Leadership in Louisville, Kentucky - Erica Frankenberg and Sarah DiemHow Adequacy Litigation Fails to Fulfill the Promise of Brown (But How it Can Get Us Closer) - David Hinojosa and Karolina WaltersTeacher Evaluation and Collective Bargaining: The New Frontier of Civil Rights - Benjamin M. Superfine and Jessica J. GottliebEducation and Civil Rights: Lessons of Six Decades and Challenges of a Changed Society - Gary OrfieldContributing AuthorsIndex